D-Bus is a communication protocol that facilitates data exchange between various software components within the vehicle, enhancing interoperability and enabling event-driven communication
Attackers exploit command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries. These interpreters are fundamental tools for interacting with computer systems and can be found on various platforms.
For diagnosis and maintenance of the vehicles, OEM / manufacturers have remote access to the vehicles. Vehicles can be maintained via this interface.
Internet exposed components of the vehicle can allow attackers to gain access to the vehicle. These are components that are unintentionally exposed to the Internet or are not sufficiently protected.
Manufacturers and operators of rail vehicles carry out maintenance and diagnostic work using maintenance notebooks. A notebook infected with malware is used to gain unauthorized access to the train network or other critical systems.
Attackers manipulate the sequence numbers or timestamps of the signals sent by the key fob. By "rolling back" these values, attackers can replay previous legitimate signals, deceiving the vehicle's security system and potentially gaining unauthorized access.
Attackers intercepting and delaying the signal transmitted by a key fob, causing a temporary disruption in the communication between the key and the vehicle.
Relay Attack is an extension of the replay attack. Attackers relay the original signal and transmit signals between the vehicle and its key fob, deceiving the system into believing the key is in closer proximity, thereby enabling unauthorized access or ignition.
Attackers captures legitimate Keyless Go signals and re-transmits them to deceive the system.