Blinding the Camera

Fully or partially blind the camera by emitting light into it to hide objects. Not detecting objects like speed limit signs or traffic lights can jeopardize safety. Blinding occurs when the camera can't adjust the auto exposure or gain anymore, resulting in an overexposed image. The effectiveness of the blinding attack depends on three variables: Environmental light (brighter environments require more light to blind the camera), the light source used for blinding (i.e., wavelength), the distance between the light source and the camera. The attack involves using commodity hardware like a laser pointer or cheap LEDs. The effectiveness of the attack is assessed using the tonal distribution, representing the distribution of the number of pixels per grayscale value.