Persistence

Accounts that are already compromised can be used by an attacker to gain permanent access to the system.

An attacker can flash the ECU with modified firmware to remain on the target system.

By modifying the vehicle's operating system / boot / system partition, the attacker can remain permanently on the target system.

Malicious alteration of the \acf{tee} in a vehicle's system. By tampering with the TEE, adversaries can maintain persistent unauthorized access or control, potentially compromising the secure execution of critical vehicle functions.